Check that file exists

my $path = "/etc/passwd";
say $path.IO.e ?? "Exists" !! "Does not exist";

given $path.IO {
    when :d { say "$path is a directory"; }
    when :f { say "$path is a regular file"; }
    when :e { say "$path is neither a directory nor a file, but it does exist"; }
    default { say "$path does not exist" }
}

when internally uses the smart match operator ~~, so when :e really does $given ~~ :e instead of the method call $given.e; both test whether the file exists.

run ('touch', "♥ Unicode.txt");

say "♥ Unicode.txt".IO.e;      # "True"
say "♥ Unicode.txt".IO ~~ :e;  # same