Doubly-linked list/Definition

This shows a complete example. (Other entries in the section focus on aspects of this solution.)

role DLElem[::T] {
    has DLElem[T] $.prev is rw;
    has DLElem[T] $.next is rw;
    has T $.payload = T;

    method pre-insert(T $payload) {
    die "Can't insert before beginning" unless $!prev;
    my $elem = ::?CLASS.new(:$payload);
    $!prev.next = $elem;
    $elem.prev = $!prev;
    $elem.next = self;
    $!prev = $elem;
    $elem;
    }

    method post-insert(T $payload) {
    die "Can't insert after end" unless $!next;
    my $elem = ::?CLASS.new(:$payload);
    $!next.prev = $elem;
    $elem.next = $!next;
    $elem.prev = self;
    $!next = $elem;
    $elem;
    }

    method delete {
    die "Can't delete a sentinel" unless $!prev and $!next;
    $!next.prev = $!prev;
    $!prev.next = $!next;    # conveniently returns next element
    }
}

role DLList[::DLE] {
    has DLE $.first;
    has DLE $.last;

    submethod BUILD {
    $!first = DLE.new;
    $!last = DLE.new;
    $!first.next = $!last;
    $!last.prev = $!first;
    }

    method list { ($!first.next, *.next ...^ !*.next).map: *.payload }
    method reverse { ($!last.prev, *.prev ...^ !*.prev).map: *.payload }
}

class DLElem_Int does DLElem[Int] {}
class DLList_Int does DLList[DLElem_Int] {}

my $dll = DLList_Int.new;

$dll.first.post-insert(1).post-insert(2).post-insert(3);
$dll.first.post-insert(0);

$dll.last.pre-insert(41).pre-insert(40).prev.delete;  # (deletes 3)
$dll.last.pre-insert(42);

say $dll.list;     # 0 1 2 40 41 42
say $dll.reverse;  # 42 41 40 2 1 0

Output:

0 1 2 40 41 42
42 41 40 2 1 0